Internet History

      In 1957, the U.S.S.R launched Sputnik. In response, hoping to catch up the space   race, the U.S government created ARPA-the Advanced Research Projects Agency.
In 1969, the Department of Defense commissioned the ARPAnet to be created for
research into networking protocols. Early on, it was realized that this network of computers would need a standardized protocol, so the TCP/IP protocol was created to fulfill this need. The TCP/IP protocol, or Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol was proposed as a standard in 1973, but infect was not adopted as a standard until 1982.
          The TCP/IP protocol is actually is a collection of protocols that allow divergent networking platforms to interchange information. In today's computing environment, the standard for routing network data is ethernet; however, when TCP/IP was developed, there was no standard for networked computers. The idea of TCP/IP is a hardware independent protocol, which is carried along, on top of whatever hardware based protocol is being used.
           However, it wasn't the standardization of the protocol that popularized TCP/IP. In 1983, the University of California at Berkeley released a version of their UNIX operating system, which incorporated the TCP/IP protocol.UNIX was running on many of the computers connected to ARPAnet, and so the included protocol became the de facto standard for connecting to the ARPAnet. In 1983, there were 500 Internet hosts. In 1986, the National Science Foundation entered the fray by creating NFSnet, a backbone spanning five super computing centers around the country running at 56 Kbps. By the end of year, there were 5,000 Internet hosts. In 1989, with over 100,000 hosts on the Internet, NFSnet was upgraded to a 1.5 Mbps T1 line. The next year, ARPAnet ceased to exist. What was once a purely academic research project was now suddenly the next big thing on campuses and large corporations.
           By 1992, there were over 1,000,000 hosts on the Internet, and it was just beginning its meteoric rise. It took 20 years for the original ARPAnet to reach the 1,000,000 mark, and within one year of reaching that mark it was doubled. By the end of 1994, the Internet had over 4,000,000 hosts connected and in 1995, the NSF decommissioned the NSFnet. The role of the government in starting this fledgling technology was over. In March of 1995, the official number of com, or business, addresses surpassed that of edu, or educational, addresses.

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