Official Name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Founder: Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north.

Geographic Co-ordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E

Map References: Asia

Area:
796,095 Sq. km.
Punjab: 205,344
Sindh: 140,914
North West Frontier Province: 74,521
Balochistan: 347,190
Federally Administered Tribal Areas: 27,220
Islamabad (Capital): 906

Area-comparative: slightly less than twice the size of California.

Land Boundaries:
Total: 6,774 km
Border Countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km

Coastline: 1,046 km

Maritime Claims:
Contiguous Zone: 24 nm
Continental Shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Exclusive Economic Zone: 200 nm
Territorial Sea: 12 nm
 

Elevation Extremes:
Lowest Point: Indian Ocean 0 m
Highest Point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m
 

Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north.

Environment—Current Issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

Environment—International Agreements:
Party To: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Signed, but not Ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Geography—Note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
 

Terrain: flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west.

Natural Resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone, marble, chromite and precious stones.

Land Use:
Arable Land: 27%
Permanent Crops: 1%
Permanent Pastures: 6%
Forests and Woodland: 5%
Other: 61% (1993 est.)
Irrigated Land: 171,100 sq km (1993 est.)

Natural Hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)

Population: 130,579,000 Male: 67,840,000 Female: 62,739,000 Urban: 42,458,000 Rural: 88,121,000

Age Structure:
0-14 Years: 42% (male 29,083,284; female 27,425,172)
15-64 Years: 54% (male 37,432,059; female 35,731,170)
65 Years and Over: 4% (male 2,716,739; female 2,746,771) (July 1998 est.)

Sex Ratio:
At Birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15 Years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 Years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 Years and Over: 0.99 male(s)/female (1998 est.)
 

Population Growth: 2.11% (2001 est.)

Birth Rate: 31.21 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death Rate: 9.26 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Ethnic Groups: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun, Baloch, Muhajir

Religions: Muslim 97.96 (Sunni 77%, Shi?a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%.

Languages: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English, Burushaski, and other 8%.

Literacy Rates: Both Sexes: 45.0 % Male: 56.5 % Female: 32.6%

Government Type: Federal Republic based on Parliamentary Democracy

Capital: Islamabad

National Flower :Jasmine

Date of Independence: August 14, 1947

Administrative Divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh
Note: The Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas

Constitution: 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985

Legal System: Based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's status as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for non-Muslims.

Chief of State: President General Pervez Musharraf

Flag Description: green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam.

GDP:3726 (Billion Rupees) Per capita 440 (US Dollars)

Exports: 2000-2001 539070 (Million Rupees) Imports: 627000 (Million Rupees) Cotton, textile goods, rice, leather items carpets, sports goods, fruits, handicrafts Sea Food (Fisheries)

Insurance Companies: 55

Joint Stock Companies: 40901

Cooperative Societies: 57935

Labor Force: 40 million

Labor Force by Occupation: agriculture 44%, industry 17%, services 39% (1999 est.)

Industries: textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing, paper products, shrimp

Agriculture products: cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables, milk, beef, mutton, eggs Currency: Pakistani rupee

Exchange Rates: Pakistani rupees per US dollar - 59.152 (January 2001)

Tourist Arrivals: 543.40 (In 2000)

Telephones - main lines in use: 2985.52 (In thousands) 1998-99

Telephones - mobile cellular: 158,000 (1998)

Post Offices: 12,854 1999-2000

Hospitals: 876

Dispensaries: 4635

Doctors: 91823

Dentists: 4175

Nurses: 37623

Television broadcast stations: 22 (1997)

Internet country code: .pk
 

Time Zone: 5 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (+5 GMT). Daylight Saving Time is observed. Internet Users: 1.2 millions

Railways: Track Kilometer 11515.00 Route Kilometer: 7791.00

Highways: total: 247,811 km

Ports and harbors: Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim Airports: 22

International Organization Participation: AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UNPREDEP, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
 

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